Poison Ivy Treatment and Prevention
Over 350,000 Americans contract poison ivy each year. Normally found in wooded areas, it is also prone to grow in rocky areas and open fields. As a result, individuals can easily come in contact with the plant when venturing outdoors and become exposed to poison ivy.
Preventative measures are important particularly if individuals know they are going to an area where they may come in contact with the plant. It is also important to be aware of an effective poison ivy treatment in case of exposure.
PREVENTION OF EXPOSURE
The best prevention is being proactive and knowing how to identify a poison ivy plant. There are four physical traits common to the plant. The first is its arrangement of three leaflets together on a stem. The second characteristic is that the middle leaf in the leaflet cluster has the longest stem. Thirdly, the leaves alternate in their display, while lastly they do not have thorns.
Often the color of a poison ivy plant will act as an important physical identifier. In the summertime, the leaves of a poison ivy plant are all green. During the springtime, new leaflets will grow in red. When autumn approaches, the leaflets will turn a reddish-orange hue. Finally, in the wintertime with cooler temperatures, poison ivy leaves will display black areas. Poison ivy will also grow small clusters of white and light yellow seeds that resemble small pumpkins.
When familiar with an area, it is easy to avoid places where poison ivy is known to grown. However, if you are unfamiliar with a location that may be susceptible to poison ivy growth, wearing long sleeved shirts and pants may reduce the risk of contamination. What makes poison ivy particularly difficult to spot is that it can grow in a variety of ways including ground cover, freestanding shrubs, and as a vine.
ALLERGIC REACTIONS TO POISON IVY
The sap of a poison ivy plant is what causes the physical reaction in the skin. Within the sap is a chemical called pentadecylcatechol that combines together to create urushiol.
When the leaves of poison ivy are touched, the plant automatically pulls the sap containing the urushiol to the surface and makes contact with the skin.
Once the urushiol contacts the dermatitis, it will begin an allergic reaction that is generally distinguishable by a rash.
The skin will typically become inflamed, forming small bumps or fluid filled blisters. The blisters that typically develop with the rash do not spread the poison ivy.
However, breaking open the blisters may spread bacteria. The clinical terminology for the skin irritation is Rhus Dermatitis.
The skin area that was exposed to the poison ivy will typically be itchy and irritated. Inflammation will typically begin to develop anywhere from eight to forty-eight hours after contact with the plant. It extreme cases it may take as little as five hours and up two weeks to show symptoms.
IMPORTANT TO KNOW! Smoke inhaled that contains burned poison ivy will react with the lining of the lungs. This may cause damage to the respiratory system. Additionally, poison ivy that is ingested can also damage the lining of the mouth along with the digestive tract.
POISON IVY TREATMENT
When skin is exposed to poison ivy, the areas affected should be immediately washed with water. Soap should not be used because it may contain trace amounts of urushiol and exacerbate the rash. If the afflicted area is cleaned with ten to fifteen minutes of contact, many of the symptoms may be averted. Waiting any longer then this may be ineffective because most of the urushiol is absorbed into the skin within a half hour.
There are several medications available such as Tecnu or Zanfel that are designed to remove urushiol from the skin. Tecnu requires application within eight hours of exposure and removes the oil in the skin and pulls out the urushiol. Zanfel is another topical treatment and works by breaking apart the chemical bond of urushiol from skin.
Calamine lotion is often used after a skin rash develops. It has anti-itching properties and acts as a mild antiseptic that prevents infections to areas that are afflicted by scratching. Often calamine lotion will help sooth areas that develop blisters.
Many antihistamine pills will work to reduce the redness and relieve itchiness. Popular brands such as Benadryl are available over the counter, while medications like Vistaril will require a prescription.
Wet and cool compresses may also help sooth the ache of skin irritation caused by poison ivy. Applying Burow’s solution to a compress may also relieve pain because of its astringent and antibacterial properties.
For severe cases of poison ivy, a prescription corticosteroid may be required. They are dispensed in a variety of methods including pills, creams, gels, ointments, and shots. Typically an oral version is considered by physicians to be the most effective.
Simple home baths may also provide relief to those suffering from poison ivy. Dermatologists often recommend an oatmeal bath because they help balance the skin’s pH, while acting as a natural cleanser. They protect and moisturize the skin from irritants like urushiol.
If a poison ivy rash is severe and covers an extensive amount of the body, or lasts for an extended period of time, it is important to consult with a physician. They will most likely prescribe an antibiotic cream to apply to the skin along with antibiotics to fight possible infections.
IMPORTANT! While certain creams and ointments can soothe the pain, it is important to stay away from medications such as antihistamines that are applied directly to the skin, anesthetics containing benzocaine, and antibiotics containing neomycin because they could cause an allergic reaction.
CONCLUSION
There are old adages such as, “Leaves of three let them be,” and “Longer middle stem; stay away from them,” but despite the warnings many individuals find themselves exposed to poison ivy each year. Knowing how to properly identify the plant will reduce the risk of exposure. More importantly is to know what is an effective poison ivy treatment in case of unexpected exposure because it is such a widely distributed plant.







